Kidney cancer, also known as renal cancer, originates in the kidneys, which are two bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine. The primary function of the kidneys is to filter blood and produce urine. The most common type of kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma (RCC), which makes up about 90% of cases. Other types include transitional cell carcinoma, Wilms’ tumor (primarily seen in children), and renal sarcoma.

While the exact cause of kidney cancer is not fully understood, several risk factors are associated with the disease. Smoking, obesity, high blood pressure, and a family history of kidney cancer can increase the risk. Genetic conditions such as von Hippel-Lindau disease and prolonged use of certain medications are also contributing factors. Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals and toxins, like asbestos and cadmium, can heighten the risk of developing kidney cancer.

Kidney cancer often does not present noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making early detection challenging. As the cancer progresses, individuals may experience symptoms such as blood in the urine (hematuria), persistent pain in the back or side, a lump or mass in the side or lower back, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, fever, and swelling in the ankles or legs. If any of these symptoms persist, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider.

To diagnose kidney cancer, doctors may use imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRIs, in addition to blood and urine tests. A biopsy might be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options depend on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. These options can include surgery (such as partial or radical nephrectomy), targeted therapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy in certain cases.

The prognosis for kidney cancer varies based on factors such as the stage at diagnosis and the patient’s general health. Early detection significantly improves the likelihood of successful treatment. Preventive measures include maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding smoking, managing blood pressure, and minimizing exposure to harmful chemicals. For more information on kidney cancer, consult a healthcare professional.