Uterine polyps are small, non-cancerous growths that form on the inner lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. Though they are usually not dangerous, they can sometimes cause problems, especially with your menstrual cycle and fertility.
What Are Uterine Polyps?
Uterine polyps are growths that develop on the lining of the uterus. These polyps are typically non-cancerous but can be problematic if they interfere with menstruation or pregnancy. They vary in size, with some being small and others large, and are often discovered during routine pelvic exams or ultrasounds.
What Causes Uterine Polyps?
The exact cause of uterine polyps isn’t always clear, but there are a few factors that might increase the chances of developing them:
- Hormonal Imbalances: Estrogen, the hormone that helps the lining of the uterus grow, can cause abnormal growth in some women, leading to polyps.
- Age: Uterine polyps are more common in women over 40, especially those approaching menopause.
- Obesity: Being overweight can increase the risk of developing uterine polyps.
- High Blood Pressure: Having high blood pressure may also raise the likelihood of developing polyps.
Common Symptoms of Uterine Polyps
Many women with uterine polyps don’t experience any symptoms and may not know they have them until they are discovered during a routine check-up. However, when symptoms occur, they can include:
- Irregular Bleeding: This may include heavy periods, bleeding between periods, or spotting after menopause.
- Painful Periods: Some women experience cramps or pelvic pain during menstruation.
- Infertility or Miscarriage: Polyps can make it harder for an embryo to implant, leading to fertility issues or repeated miscarriages.
- Vaginal Bleeding: Abnormal bleeding after sex or between periods is another symptom of uterine polyps.
Diagnosing Uterine Polyps
To diagnose uterine polyps, your doctor may use one or more of these tests:
- Pelvic Exam: The doctor may feel your uterus to check for any abnormalities.
- Ultrasound: A transvaginal ultrasound is used to get a clear image of your uterus and identify any growths.
- Hysteroscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin tube into the uterus to look at the lining and possibly remove the polyps.
- Endometrial Biopsy: A small sample of tissue may be taken to check for any abnormal cells and rule out cancer.
Treatment Options for Uterine Polyps
Not all uterine polyps require treatment. If the polyps are small and not causing symptoms, your doctor may monitor them over time. However, if polyps are causing issues, treatment options include:
- Medication: Hormonal treatments like progestin or an IUD can help shrink polyps.
- Surgical Removal: A hysteroscopic polypectomy is a minimally invasive procedure where the polyp is removed using a thin tube inserted through the cervix.
- Endometrial Ablation: For women with multiple polyps, this procedure destroys the uterine lining to prevent new polyps from forming.
- Hysterectomy: In rare cases, when polyps are large, recurrent, or cancerous, the uterus may need to be removed.
Uterine polyps are common and can affect your menstrual cycle and fertility, but they are usually non-cancerous. If you experience symptoms like abnormal bleeding or pelvic pain, it’s important to see your doctor for diagnosis and treatment options. Early detection can help prevent complications, so don’t hesitate to get checked if you suspect you have uterine polyps.
